Acne Scars

Microbiology. 2009 Jun 4; Imanishi Y, Jindamorakot S, Limtong S, Nakase TTo clarify the budding pattern of Wickerhamomyces pijperi, the vegetative cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cells grew by bipolar budding, but cells that budded from the shoulder of a mother cell were occasionally observed. We examined the cell morphology and phylogeny of 5 W. pijperi strains isolated in Thailand as well as 10 W. pijperi strains and related species that were preserved in culture collections. Phylogenetic analysis based on 3 different nucleotide sequences (D1/D2 domain of 26S ribosomal DNA, the actin gene ACT1, and the elongation factor 2 gene EF2) indicated that all the strains belonged to the genus Wickerhamomyces and were neighbors of the type strain W. pijperi NBRC 1290(T). In addition, the strains fell into 2 groups. The budding patterns of the strains were carefully observed by staining the bud scars, and these patterns were categorized into 3 groups: Types I-III. Type I included cells that grew by bipolar budding and formed multiple scars, type III included cells that grew by multilateral budding and formed a single scar, and type II included cells that exhibited a mixture of type I and type III patterns. Among the 15 strains, 12 strains, including W. pijperi NBRC 1290(T), mainly exhibited type I or type II budding patterns, and the remaining 3 strains exhibited either type II or type III patterns. This finding indicates that the separation of the strains into 2 groups was based on the mode of budding. Thus, the phylogenetic relationship and budding patterns are related. Moreover, some cells also exhibited budding characteristics that were intermediate between bipolar and multilateral budding.