Acne Scars

Curr Biol. 2009 Aug 27; Fricke R, Gohl C, Dharmalingam E, Grevelhörster A, Zahedi B, Harden N, Kessels M, Qualmann B, Bogdan SBACKGROUND: Developmental processes are intimately tied to signaling events that integrate the dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and membrane dynamics. The F-BAR-domain-containing proteins are prime candidates to couple actin dynamics and membrane trafficking in different morphogenetic processes. RESULTS: Here, we present the functional analysis of the Drosophila F-BAR protein Cip4/Toca1 (Cdc42-interacting protein 4/transducer of Cdc42-dependent actin assembly 1). Cip4 is able to form a complex with WASP and SCAR/WAVE and recruits both actin-nucleation-promoting factors to invaginating membranes and endocytic vesicles. Actin-comet-tail-based movement of these vesicles depends not only on WASP but largely on WAVE function. In vivo, loss of cip4 function causes multiple wing hairs. A similar phenotype is observed when vesicle scission is affected after Dynamin suppression. Gene dosage experiments show that Cip4 and WAVE functionally interact to restrict wing hair formation. Further rescue experiments confirm that Cip4 is able to act through WAVE and WASP in vivo. Biochemical and functional data support a model in which Cdc42 acts upstream of Cip4 and recruits not only WASP but also SCAR/WAVE via Abi to control Dynamin-dependent cell polarization in the wing. CONCLUSION: Cip4 integrates membrane trafficking and actin dynamics through WASP and WAVE. First, Cip4 promotes membrane invaginations and triggers the vesicle scission by recruiting Dynamin to the neck of nascent vesicles. Second, Cip4 recruits WASP and WAVE proteins to induce actin polymerization, supporting vesicle scission and providing the force for vesicle movement.